Definition

A lithology log (also called a formation log or driller’s log) documents the specific types of geological material the drill bit passes through at each depth interval during a well drilling project. Entries typically include material types (clay, gravel, sand, basalt, granite, fractured rock), color, relative hardness, and the depth at which the driller encountered water-bearing zones. In Northern Idaho, lithology logs are especially valuable because subsurface conditions vary significantly — from sand and gravel over the Spokane Valley–Rathdrum Prairie Aquifer to dense basalt and fractured rock in higher elevations and other parts of the service area.

Frequently Asked Questions

Why Lithology Log Matters

Lithology logs from completed nearby wells are one of the best available tools for estimating the likely depth, difficulty, and cost of a new well on a neighboring property. They also document where water was encountered and how productive the water-bearing zone was — directly informing GPM expectations. Lithology logs are part of the official well log filed with IDWR and are therefore publicly accessible.

How Trident Drilling Company Uses It

Trident Drilling reviews available IDWR lithology logs from wells drilled in the vicinity of any new project site. This research informs the company's depth estimates, drilling method selection, and worst-case scenario cost bids — giving clients more accurate expectations before drilling begins.

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